Today ki modern age me Computer ek esi machine hai jo humans ki every type ke work me help karti hai. Computer ki discovery ke bad se hi yah machine humans ki life ka ek part ban gayi hai. Nowadays humans apni daily life me apni problems ko solve karne ke liye kisi na kisi type ke computer device ki help lete hai. Jis computer device ki help se hum apni life ko better live kar rahe hai us computer ke bare me basic knowledge hona bhi necessary hai.
Computer ke dwara jab koi work ko complete kiya jata hai to computer us work ko three steps me complete karta hai.
Input ⇒ Processing ⇒ Output
Iska mean ye hai ki Jab humans dwara kisi work ko jyada accuracy aur minimum time me complete karne ke liye computer me input kiya jata hai to computer us work ko karne ke liye apne softwares ko instructions deta hai aur work finish ho jane par computer output devices ke through result show karta hai.
Humans computer me apne work ko complete karne ke liye apne work ke according Input devices ke through work ko input karta hai. Kisi particular input device ka use jo work input kiya jata hai uske according kiya jata hai.
Kya Aap Jante Hai Input Devices Kya Hai?
Computer ke Input devices ka use, humans computer ko data aur instructions dene ke liye karte hai. Phir ye input devices data aur instructions ko machine language me change karke CPU ko send kar deta hai. Input devices many types ke hote hai but kisi bhi input device ka use data aur instructions ke according kiya jata hai. Yaha hum aapko kuch input devices ke bare me detail me knowledge denge.
Input Devices Kitne Types Ke Hote Hai Aur Unke Kya Uses Hai?
Keyboard:
Keyboard ka use computer me main input device ki form me kiya jata hai. Keyboard ke dwara computer ko alphabetical aur numerical form me data aur information ko input kiya jata hai. Nowadays mainly QWERTY, DVORAK aur AZERTY keyboards ka use kiya jata hai.
Keyboard me keys ke types:
Alphanumeric Keys:
Isme A to Z aur a to z alphabetical keys aur 0 to 9 numerical keys aati hai.
Numeric Keys:
In keys me numbers 0 to 9 aur +,-,*,/ etc. keys hoti hai. Ye keys keyboard me sabse right side hoti hai.
Function Keys:
Ye keys keyboard me F1 to F12 ki form me present hoti hai. In keys ka use computer se kuch specific work karane ke liye instructions dene ke liye kiya jata hai.
Cursor Control Keys:
Isme ve keys aati hai jisme four arrow ke signs hote hai jo ki left, right, up aur down ki taraf indicate karti hai. In keys ka mainly use cursor ko up, down, left or right karne ke liye kiya jata hai. In keys ke apart four keys aur hoti hai jo ki Home, End, Page up aur Page down hai jinka use cursor ko control karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
Keyboard me other keys ka use:
Control Keys:
In keys ka use karne ke liye other keys ki bhi need hoti hai, means in keys ka use alone nahi kar sakte hai inko keyboard ki other keys ke saath use karke computer se special work karwaya jata hai.
Enter Key:
Is key ka use computer ko user ke dwara diye jane wale instructions ko follow karane ke liye kiya jata hai. Isliye is key ko keyboard ki main key bhi kaha jata hai.
Shift Keys:
Keyboard me kuch keys esi hoti hai jinme double signs hote hai. Isliye in keys ko combination keys kaha jata hai. Upper wale sign ko type karne ke liye us key ko Shift key ke saath type kiya jata hai jabki bottom wale sign ko type karne ke liye only usi key ko type karna hota hai.
Escape Key:
Escape key ka use jab ctrl key ke saath kiya jata hai to computer ka Start menu open hota hai. Iske apart Escape key ko kisi bhi open application ya work ko close karne ya use middle me stop karne ke liye use kiya jata hai.
Backspace Key:
Backspace key ka use computer me type kiya data ya information ko right se left erase karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
Delete key:
Delete key ko jab Shift key ke saath press kiya jata hai to computer me chosen file memory se permanent erase ho jati hai. Delete key ka single use computer se data aur keyboard dwara type kiye gaye character ko left se right erase karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
Caps Lock Key:
Caps Lock key ko use karne ke liye ise ek bar press karna hota hai is key ko press karne ke bad keyboard ke alphabets ko type karne par wo capital letters me type hote hai.
Spacebar Key:
Jab computer me keyboard ke through kisi data ko type kiya jata hai to kinhi two characters me gap dene ke liye Spacebar key ka use kiya jata hai.
Num Lock Key:
Num Lock key ka use karke Numeric keypad ko active or inactive kiya jata hai. Jab is numeric keypad ke through kisi bhi number ko type karna hota hai to is Num Lock key ko press kiya jata hai, jisse wo Numeric keypad active ho jata hai.
Window Key:
Keyboard ki window key ko press karne par computer ka Start menu open hota hai.
Tab Key:
Keyboard ki Tab key ko press karne par cursor five place forward move ho jata hai. Cursor ko five place return backward karne ke liye Tab key ko Shift key ke saath press kiya jata hai.
Pointing Devices:
Ye devices wo hote hai jinke through cursor ya pointer ko one place se other place tak le jane ke liye kiya jata hai. For example: Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Lightpen, Touch screen etc. hai.
Mouse:
Mouse ki discovery year 1963 me Stanford Research Center Duglas-C Engelbart ne ki thi. Mouse ka use cursor ya pointer ko one place se other place tak le jane ke liye kiya jata hai. Iske apart iska use computer me graphics ki help se computer ko order dene ke liye kiya jata hai. Mouse me normally two or three button hote hai. Isme do to button hote hai aur ek wheel hota hai. Wheel ka use kisi file me cursor ko upper aur down le jane ke liye kiya jata hai.
Mouse ke types normally three hote hai:
1.) Wireless Mouse
2.) Mechanical Mouse
3.) Optical Mouse
Mouse ke works:
1.) Left Click: Iska use computer me kisi bhi thing ko select karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
2.) Double Click: Iske use se kisi bhi program ya file ko open karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
3.) Right Click: Right click button ka use kisi bhi selected object ki quality ko us object par apply karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
4.) Drag aur Drop: Is activity ka use kisi file ya folder ko screen par one place se other place par le jane ke liye kiya jata hai.
Trackball:
Trackball ka use bhi Mouse ki tarah kiya jata hai jisme ek ball hoti hai jo ki upper layer par situated hoti hai. Iske use se cursor ke movement par control kiya jata hai.
Trackball ka use following places par kiya jata hai:
1.) CAD(Computer Aided Design) Workstations me
2.) CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing) Workstations me
3.) Computerized workstations for example: Air-traffic Control Room, Radar Controls me
4.) Ships me Sonar System me
Joystick:
Joystick ek esa device hai jo ki sabhi directions me move karti hai aur cursor ki movement ko control karti hai. Joystick me ek handle hota hai jisko cursor ko control karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. Joystick ko Flight simulator, computer gaming, CAD/CAM system me work karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
Light Pen:
Light Pen me ek electro optical device hai jisme small tube ke inside ek photocell hota hai. Light Pen ka use drawings make karne ke liye, graphics make karne ke liye aur menu choose karne me kiya jata hai. Light Pen screen ke near jakar light ko sense karta hai aur uske bad pulse produce karta hai. Ise mainly Personal Digital Assistant me use karte hai.
Touch Screen:
Jab user apni fingers ko computer ki Touch screen par rakhta hai to touch screen ke through user computer ko instructions deta hai.
Touch screen ka use following places par kiya jata hai:
1.) ATM me
2.) Air-Line Reservation me
3.) Bank me
4.) SuperMarket me
5.) Mobile me
Bar Code Reader:
Is input device ka use kisi bhi product ke bar code ko read karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Jab bar code reader se kisi bar code ko scan kiya jata hai to bar code reader se ek light bar code par drop hoti hai. Is light ke through bar code reader bar code ko identify karta hai aur ise numeric code me change karta hai. Bar code ke through us product ki value know ki jati hai jiska ye bar code hota hai. Bar code me heavy aur light vertical lines hoti hai jiske inside product ki information present hoti hai.
Optical Mark Reader:
OMR ke through jab kisi page ko scan kiya jata hai to OMR us page par make kiye gaye signs ko read karta hai. Esa karne ke liye OMR us sign par light drop karta hai. Read karne ke bad OMR us sign ko computer ko input kar deta hai. OMR ka mostly use objective type ke questions ke answers ko check karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Iski help se minimum time me many questions ke answers ko check kiye ja sakte hai.
Optical Character Recognition:
Is input device ko OMR ki modify form bhi kaha ja sakta hai. Iske through only signs ko hi nahi, balki printed ya hand se write kiye gaye characters ko bhi read kiya ja sakta hai. Iska mostly use old documents ko read karne me kiya jata hai. OCR ki speed 1500 se 3000 characters par second hoti hai. Iska other use telephones, electricity bill, insurance premium etc. me kiya jata hai.
Magnetic Ink Character Reader:
MICR informations ko matrics ke rup me unki size ka test karta hai, iske bad use read karta hai aur read karne ke bad informations ko computer ko send karta hai. Information me characters ek special ink se printed hote hai, jisme iron particles hote hai aur un particles ko magnetize kiya ja sakta hai. Is type ki ink ko Magnetic Ink kaha jata hai. Iska use banks me check me bottom printed magnetic encoding numbers ko identify aur process karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
Smart Card Reader:
Smart card reader ka use kisi smart card ke micro processor ko access karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Smart card two type ke hote hai-
i) Memory card
ii) Microprocessor card
Memory card me non-volatile memory storage component hota hai jo ki data ko store karne me use kiya jata hai. Microprocessor card me volatile memory aur microprocessor components dono hote hai.
Bio-metric Sensor:
Is device ke through kisi person ki fingers ke prints ki identification karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Biometric sensor ka mainly use security me kiya jata hai. Iska other use kisi organization me workers ya institute me students ki present karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
Scanner:
Scanner ka use kisi paper par written data ya printed image ko digital form me change karne ke liye karte hai. Isme image ko electronic form me change karne ke liye light ko input ki tarah use kiya jata hai aur phir image ko digital form me change karne ke bad computer me send karta hai. Scanner ka use kisi document ko uske real form me store karne ke liye kiya ja sakta hai.
Microphone:
Kisi bhi sound ko computer me input karne ke liye microphone ka use kiya jata hai. Is device ke through sound ko receive kiya jata hai aur use computer ke format me change kiya jata hai, jise digital sound bhi kaha jata hai. Microphone me sound ko digital form me change karne ke liye ek other hardware ki need hoti hai jise sound card bhi kaha jata hai.
Webcamera:
Webcam ek type ka video capturing device hai. Is device ka use video conferencing aur online chatting etc. works ke liye kiya jata hai. Iska other use ek dusre se dekhkar talk karne ke liye karte hai.
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